Also, it is quite common to use the Proof of Authority (PoA) as a consensus algorithm. This would be the model chosen for the famous Bitcoin network. The most common one is the so-called Proof of Work (PoW), which requires nodes (or miners in this model) to solve a complex mathematical problem to justify the inclusion of the new block in the network. Among the most popular algorithms of this type, there are two that account for most of these systems. This protocol, called consensus algorithm, can rely on different features or require different conditions to the nodes proposing the inclusion of a new block in the chain. This is done by means of a specific protocol that establishes the objective criteria for the acceptance or rejection of a block in the chain. Actually, there are several works that show its application in medicine for the management of electronic health records (eHR) and how it is possible to make significant contributions in this domain bearing the existing constraints.Įach time an agent involved in the system intends to introduce a new block in this so-called main ledger, it is necessary for all the nodes of the network to reach an agreement on the validity of this new block. Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that its inherent drawbacks, such as the difficulty of data deletion or the lack of privacy, should also be properly dealt with.
Using these features, it would be possible to implement services that may play a relevant role in this area, such as, the secure storage of sport results without the need of a reliable third party involving (or not) decisions and consequences supporting gamification techniques, defined as “the use of game design elements in non-game contexts”, among peers triggering alerts in a fully automatic and decentralized manner on data from sports or from biomedical sensors and others interesting services that may still be waiting to be discovered by the researchers of the domain. Additionally, the advantages of the blockchain model have not been fully exploited to engage users using approaches such as gamification.įrom the point of view of the authors, this area can take advantage of this technology as it provides with features such as decentralization, transparency, open source, autonomy, immutability and anonymity. Most of the solutions analyzed use blockchain for managing, sharing, and controlling access to data and do not exploit the possibilities of Smart Contracts or oracles. A detailed analysis shows that the solutions found do not leverage all the possibilities of blockchain technology. 17 papers were selected for full-text analysis, and they displayed diverse applications of blockchain, such as Fitness and healthcare, Sport, and Active ageing. The authors explored 5 repositories in search of papers describing solutions applied to the above-mentioned frame. The objective is to determine to which extent this technology has fulfilled the potential of blockchain to bring these new added-value services. This systematic review explores the use of blockchain in this context. In the field of physical activity, physical exercise, sport, and active ageing, this technology could also originate some interesting services introducing support for reliable repository of results, for gamification, or for secure data interchange. Recently, it has been booming in a wide variety of domains: finance, food, energy, and health.
Blockchain technology provides a distributed support for information storage and traceability.
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